In This Issue:
Calendar
Fall Berry Checklist
US Apple Crop: Core Facts
Wholesale Fruit Prices
Fruit Observations
Northern Ohio Sooty Blotch - SkyBit Product
Degree Day Accumulations/Phenology
September 19-21: Farm Science Review, Ohio State University brings the top agricultural experts together in one place at the Molly Caren Agricultural Center west of Columbus near London, Ohio in Madison County. Twenty-one hundred acres showcase 600 commercial exhibitors and over 700 acres of field demonstrations. For more information call (800) 644-6377 or visit the Farm Science Review Homepage at http://www.ag.ohio-state.edu/~farmshow
February 19 to March 4, 2001: New Zealand Tour.
Dr. Peter Hirst, extension fruit specialist in Indiana,
will be leading a tour to New Zealand from Feb. 19 to
March 4, 2001. Cost of the tour is $3000. More
information regarding the tour can be obtained by
calling Peter Hirst at 765-494-1323 or by e-mailing
him at hirst@hort.purdue.edu.
Strawberry Flower Buds Are Forming
Strawberries set flower buds in September/October. For optimal production in 2001, fields should be weed free. A herbicide such as Devrinol 50WP at 4 to 6 pounds/acre, should be applied in late August to either a newly planted or a renovated planting. Nitrogen at the rate of 25 to 40 pounds of actual nitrogen per acre should be applied and watered in by irrigation. To be most effective, Devrinol also requires irrigation.
If growers have not achieved clean fields, herbicides or nitrogen applications in early September can still benefit flower formation. If soil is dry, irrigation can be used to activate nitrogen and herbicide application. Regardless, water is essential throughout September/October to maintain good soil moisture at 1 to 2 inches per week when rainfall is inadequate. Foliar applied nitrogen may be an option for improvement of leaf nitrogen. Instead of dry, soil-applied materials, urea at 3 to 5 pounds/acre, calcium nitrate at 3 to 5 pounds/acre, or special liquid nitrate solutions in 100 gallons of water can benefit berries. Two applications, 7 days apart should be adequate. Use tissue analysis in April or early May to apply additional foliar sprays before bloom.
Fumigation is a Fall Event
September is an excellent time to fumigate soil intended for berries. Fumigation may be required if nematodes are present or if a field is to be replanted to strawberries. Raised beds are recommended for all berries in Ohio. Therefore, fumigating only the raised beds may be practical and less expensive than full field fumigation.
Prepare the soil to exclude clumps, green plant tissue or residue or other materials that will not allow the soil to seal during fumigation. Plowing, rototilling and disking may be required. Do this when the soil is dry and easy to work. Make the raised bed, add lime, fertilizer and/or organic matter (compost) to the raised bed, and rototill (incorporate) before fumigation.
Bramble Trellis / Trickle Irrigation Installation
If you established some brambles this spring, you may want to install a permanent trellis this fall. This is a good time, as compared to the spring when soils are wet and other chores interfere, to get the trellis installed using a post driver. By installing the trellis now you can do some early spring tying to the trellis. Once the trellis is installed it is easier to install trickle irrigation (less breaking of tubes or laterals). Be sure to have substantial end posts that will withstand the stress of the tightened wires and fruit load. Many high tensile fence contractors do a good job of installing a trellis for long term demands.
Keep Blueberry Roots Moist
Keep blueberry roots moist in September/October with irrigation and/or sawdust. Next year's crop will benefit from soil moisture, which stimulates root growth. Now is a good time to apply sawdust, because it aids soil moisture but does not interfere with the soil carbon/nitrogen ratio as compared to early spring.
http://www.usapple.org/consumerinfo/
About 2,500 known varieties of apples are grown in the United States. Of them, nearly 100 varieties are grown commercially. The 15 most popular varieties are:
1. Red Delicious
2. Golden Delicious
3. Granny Smith
4. Fuji
5. Gala
6. Rome
7. McIntosh
8. Jonathan
9. Idared
10. Empire
11. York
12. Newtown Pippin
13. Cortland
14. Rhode Island Greening
15. Northern Spy
Up-and-coming "new" varieties include Cameo, Ginger Gold, Honey Crisp, and Pink Lady.
The top apple-producing states include Washington, New York, California, Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. Ohio ranks tenth.
In 1998, the average U.S. consumer ate an estimated 19 pounds of fresh apples and 28.2 pounds of processed apples.
U.S. apple growers received an average of 17.1 cents per pound for fresh-market apples from the 1998 crop.
In 1998 the United States was the world's second-largest producer of apples, behind the People's Republic of China.
Exports of U.S. apples have been increasing dramatically over the past decade, due to liberalization of export markets, increased disposable income in developing countries, and substantial industry export promotion efforts. Leading markets for U.S. apples include Taiwan, Mexico, Canada, and Hong Kong.
| Apples: market about steady | Pears | Peaches | Prune Plums |
| Regular storage
Cartons cellpack Wisconsin US ExFancy Paula Red 96's 14.00 Cartons 12 3-lb filmbags Wisconsin
|
25 lb cartons loose
Michigan US One various yellow flesh varieties 2 3/4" min 10.00 2 ½" min 9.00 2 1/4" up 7-8.00 |
30-lb cartons
Michigan US One Stanley 1 1/4" min 9.50-10.00 | |
| Apples: market about steady | Pears | Peaches | Plums |
| Regular Storage
Cartons 12 3-lb filmbags Michigan US Fancy Earligold 2 1/2" min 11.50-12.00 Ginger Gold 2 /12" min 11.50-12.00 Paula Red 2 1/2" min 11.50-12.00 Bushel cartons loose Michigan
|
1/2 bushel cartons
New Jersey No Grade Marks various yellow flesh varieties 2 1/2" up fair appearance 3.00-4.00 25 lb cartons
|
30-lb cartons
Michigan US One Stanley 1 1/4" min 10.00-12.00 mostly 10.00-11.00 | |
| Apples | Pears | Peaches | Plums |
| 25 lb cartons loose
Various yellow flesh varieties NJ - 2 1/2" up 14.50 PA - 2 3/4" up 9.00-10.50 WV- 2 3/4" up 12.75 2 1/4" up 8.25 38 lb cartons
|
30 lb cartons
Michigan US One Stanley 1 1/4" min 10.00-12.50 | ||
Site: Waterman Lab, Columbus (8/24-8/30)
Source: Dr. Celeste Welty, OSU Extension Entomologist
Traps used: STLM=wing traps, SJS=Pherocom-V, Others=Multipher-1® traps
| Apple | Peach |
| RBLR: 18 (down from 36) | OFM: 25 (up from 9) |
| STLM: 494 (up from 221) | LPTB: 3.0 (unchanged) |
| DWB: 0.0 (unchanged) | PTB: 16.0 (up from 15.0) |
| SJS: 0 (unchanged) | |
| CM: 6.3 (down from 8.0) | |
| OBLR: 0 (unchanged) | |
| TABM: 0 (down from 1) | |
| VLR: 0 (down from 3) | |
| AM: 1.7 (up from 1.0) |
Site: East District; Erie & Lorain Counties (8/23-8/29)
Source: Jim Mutchler, IPM Scout
Traps Used: STLM=wing traps, SJS=Pherocon-V, Others=Multipher® traps
| Apple | Peach |
| RBLR: 7.4 (down from 10.6) | OFM: 34.7 (up from 3.0) |
| CM: 7.8 (down from 8.6) | RBLR: 24.3 (up from 15.0) |
| SJS: 33.9 (up from 0.0) | LPTB: 23.3 (down from 27.3) |
| AM: 2.6 (up from 0.8) | PTB: 1.3 (down from 4.3) |
Other pests: green apple aphid, white apple leafhopper, lilac borer, scab
Beneficials at work: lacewing eggs, larvae, & adults, orange maggots, Stethorus punctum, and other lady beetles
Site: West District; Huron, Ottawa, & Sandusky (8/23-8/29)
Source: Gene Horner, IPM Scout
Traps Used: STLM=wing traps, SJS=Pherocon-V, Others=Multipher® traps
| Apple | Peach |
| RBLR: 18.2 (down from 25.2) | OFM: 5.3 (up from 2.0) |
| SJS: 0.0 (unchanged) | RBLR: 33.0 (up from 27.0) |
| CM: 0.9 (down from 1.6) | LPTB: 33.3 (up from 23.5) |
| AM: 1.0 (up from 0.5) | PTB: 2.3 (up from 1.5) |
| PC: 0 (unchanged) | |
| OBLR: 0.67 (up from 0) |
Other pests: green apple aphid, Japanese beetle, wooly apple aphid, plum curculio damage
Beneficials at work: banded thrips, brown lacewing adults, green lacewing eggs, parasitic wasp, predator mites, Stethorus punctum
Site: Wayne County (8/10-8/16)
Source: Ron Becker, Extension Program Assistant
Traps used: STLM=Wing traps, PC=Circle trunk trap,
Others=Multipher® traps
| Apple | ||||
| North | South | East | West | |
| RBLR: | 13 | 43 | 27 | 10.8 | STLM: | 216.7 | 25 | 10 | 31 | CM: | 6.7 | 4.5 | 3.0 | 14.9 | AM: | 0.5 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 0.3 |
| Peach | |||
| North | South | West | OFM: | 42 | 80 | 40 | LPTB: | 0 | 0 | 0 | PTB: | 0 | 0 | 1.5 |
| SkyBit based observations: | August 1-30; possible infection and damage |
| Based on Forecasts: | August 31 - September 8; possible infection & damage |
| Actual DD Accumulations
August 30, 2000 |
Forecasted Degree Day Accumulations
September 6, 2000 | |||||
| Location | Base 43° F | Base 50° F | Base 43° F | Normal | Base 50° F | Normal |
| Akron - Canton | 3221 | 2123 | 3385 | 3472 | 2233 | 2388 |
| Cincinnati | 3928 | 2739 | 4126 | 4308 | 2882 | 3095 |
| Cleveland | 3244 | 2162 | 3408 | 3419 | 2273 | 2350 |
| Columbus | 3847 | 2705 | 4025 | 3812 | 2828 | 2677 |
| Dayton | 3743 | 2579 | 3923 | 3894 | 2704 | 2758 |
| Mansfield | 3241 | 2152 | 3405 | 3445 | 2261 | 2368 |
| Norwalk | 3327 | 2240 | 3488 | 3394 | 2347 | 2340 |
| Toledo | 3400 | 2291 | 3558 | 3386 | 2395 | 2334 |
| Wooster | 3362 | 2245 | 3516 | 3287 | 2345 | 2219 |
| Youngstown | 3109 | 2014 | 3261 | 3222 | 2112 | 2169 |
Phenology
| Range of Degree Day Accumulations | ||
| Coming Events | Base 43° F | Base 50° F |
| San Jose scale 2nd flight subsides | 2494-3257 | 1662-2302 |
| Obliquebanded leafroller 2nd flight peak | 2634-3267 | 1789-2231 |
| Apple maggot flight subsides | 2764-3656 | 1904-2573 |
| Lesser peachtree borer flight subsiding | 2782-3474 | 1796-2513 |
| Codling moth 2nd flight subsides | 2782-3693 | 1796-2635 |
| Oriental fruit moth 3rd flight subsides | 2987-3522 | 2018-2377 |
| Redbanded leafroller 3rd flight subsides | 3103-3433 | 2013-2359 |
| Spotted tentiform leafminer 3rd flight subsides | 3245-3471 | 2228-2472 |
Thanks to Scaffolds Fruit Journal (Art Agnello)
Ted W. Gastier
Extension Agent, Agriculture
Tree Fruit Team Coordinator
Ohio State University Extension Huron County
180 Milan Avenue
Norwalk, OH 44857
Phone: (419)668-8210
FAX: (419)663-4233
E-mail: gastier.1@osu.edu
Information presented above and where trade names are used, they are supplied with the understanding that no discrimination is intended and no endorsement by Ohio State University Extension is implied. Although every attempt is made to produce information that is complete, timely, and accurate, the pesticide user bears responsibility of consulting the pesticide label and adhering to those directions.
All educational programs conducted by Ohio State University Extension are available to clientele on a nondiscriminatory basis without regard to race, color, creed, religion, sexual orientation, national origin, gender, age, disability or Vietnam-era veteran status.
Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Keith L. Smith, Director, Ohio State University Extension.
TDD # 1 (800) 589-8292 (Ohio only) or (614) 292-1868