Ohio Fruit ICM News

Fruit ICM News

Volume 5, No. 18
May 24, 2001

In This Issue:

Calendar
Correction: Devrinol Herbicide on Strawberries
Registration Granted to Actara Insecticide
Fire Blight is Back
Conditions Affecting Thinning with Chemicals
Aventis Announces Sale Intention
Fruit Observations & Trap Reports
Northern Ohio Scab and Fire Blight Activity
Ohio Degree-Days and Phenology

 

Calendar

June 19-20: Farm Market Tour; Pickaway, Ross, and Pike counties, sponsored by Direct Marketing Assoc. of Ohio and OSU Extension. Contact John Ellerman at the Centers at Piketon (800) 297-2072.

June 30: Ohio Fruit Growers Society Summer Tour and Meeting, Patterson Fruit Farm, Chesterland. For more information, contact John Wargowsky at (614) 249-2424, or e-mail at jwargows@ofbf.org.

 

Correction: Devrinol Herbicide on Strawberries

Source: Dr. Richard C. Funt, OSU Dept. of Horticulture and Crop Science

In the April 27 Ohio Fruit ICM News (Vol. 5, No. 14), an incorrect statement was made regarding research with Devrinol on strawberries. The newsletter stated that Devrinol was applied in a research study on July 19th. The complete statement should be Devrinol 50WP at 4 lb/acre was applied at planting plus Sinbar 80WP at 2 oz/acre on June 11 and July 19, and Devrinol at 4 lb/acre on September 2 after sufficient daughter plants had rooted.

Further, it is known that Devrinol does reduce runner root formation of daughter plants and should not be applied during runner root formation. Our apologies for any inconvenience.

 

Registration Granted to Actara Insecticide

Source: Dr. Celeste Welty, OSU Extension Entomologist

Syngenta Crop Protection Inc. (formerly Novartis) announced on May 18th that the Environmental Protection Agency granted registration to Actara, which contains the active ingredient thiamethoxam. Actara 25WG is now registered as a foliar insecticide for use on pome fruit as well as on cucurbits, fruiting vegetables (tomato, pepper, eggplant), potatoes, and tobacco. On pome fruit, thiamethoxam controls aphids, leafhoppers, leafminers, pear psylla, and plum curculio.

Thiamethoxam is a neonicotinoid insecticide (similar to imidacloprid, as found in Provado, Admire, and Gaucho) that offers superior control of a broad range of insects at low usage rates. It has an excellent safety profile and has been classified by EPA as an "organophosphate alternative." When Actara is applied as a foliar insecticide, it has rapid translaminar penetration into plant surfaces and is locally systemic.

 

Fire Blight Is Back

Dr. Mike Ellis, OSU Plant Pathologist, has observed fire blight at Unit 2, Wooster OARDC, and has received a report of a fire blight outbreak from southern Ohio. The SkyBit disease product for the northern Ohio location indicated possible infection periods on May 11, 12, 17-19, and 21.

 

Tree & Weather Conditions
Affecting Fruit Thinning with Chemicals

Source: Pennsylvania Tree Fruit Prod. Guide, 1996-97

Trees are easy to thin under the following conditions:

1. Bloom is heavy, especially after a heavy crop.
2. Nitrogen is low or moisture inadequate.
3. Fruit spurs are low in vigor on the shaded inside branches.
4. Root systems are weak due to injury or disease.
5. Trees are young, with many vigorous upright branches.
6. Trees are self-pollinated or poorly pollinated.
7. Fruit-set appears heavy on easily thinned cultivars such as Delicious.
8. Fruit sets in clusters rather than singles.
9. The cultivars tend to have a heavy June drop.
10. Bloom period is short with many varieties and species in bloom simultaneously.
11. High temperature is accompanied by high humidity before or after spraying.
12. Blossoms and young leaves are injured by frost before the spray application.
13. Foliage is conditioned for increased chemical absorption by prolonged cloudy periods before spraying.
14. Prolonged cloudy periods reduce photosynthesis before or after application of chemicals.
15. Rain occurs before or after spray application.

Trees are difficult to thin under the following conditions:

  1. Insects are active in orchards of cross-pollination varieties.
  2. Trees are in good vigor with 12 to 18 inches terminal growth and no mineral deficiencies.
  3. Precocious trees come into fruiting with good vigor and mature bearing habit.
  4. Fruits are developing on spurs in well-lighted areas of tree (tops and outer canopy).
  5. Trees bear biennially.
  6. Trees have horizontal or spreading fruiting branches.
  7. Fruit sets in singles rather than clusters.
  8. Cultivars such as Golden Delicious and the heavy-setting spur types are to be thinned.
  9. Ideal fruit growth is occurring before and after thinning.
  10. Low humidity causes rapid drying of the spray, and decreased absorption occurs before and after spraying.
  11. Mild, cloudy to partly cloudy periods after bloom without tree stress.
  12. Bloom was light, and high leaf-to-fruit ratio occurs (with the exception of young trees).
  13. Limbs / spurs slightly girdled from winter injury.
  14. Endogenous ethylene production is low.

 

Aventis Announces Sale Intention

Source: http://www.fruitgrowersnews.com

In the 2001 first-quarter report, Aventis, of Lyon, France, announced its intention to implement the divestment of Aventis CropScience by the end of this year. According to the report, the company announced in 2000 its intent to divest the crop protection business and Aventis Animal Nutrition to focus on its core business. AgriMarketing reported earlier that Aventis had sent sale proposals to Monsanto, DuPont, Dow, Bayer, and BASF. In the first quarter of 2001, Aventis CropScience increased its sales 9.4% over the same period last year.

In related news, Gowan has announced the purchase of Aventis CropScience's insecticide formentanate. Formentanate is effective against mites, thrips, and bugs in a variety of crops, according to the company. The product marketed under the brands Carzol and DiCarzol will be marketed by Gowan, Gowan de Mexico, and Magarita International.

The Gowan release described the agreement of sale as part of the process aimed at simplifying the Aventis CropScience product portfolio. Already sold are the herbicides carbetimide (Legurame), dimefuron (not marketed in U.S.), and bifenox (Modown) as well as the insecticides chlormephos (Dotan) and clofentezine (Apollo), and the fungicides dodine and guazatine (Kenopel), according to the release.

 

Fruit Observations & Trap Reports

Waterman Lab, Columbus, Dr. Celeste Welty, OSU Extension Entomologist

Traps used: STLM = Wing trap, SJS = Pherocon V, Codling Moth = mean of 3 MultiPher® traps, Others = MultiPher

Apple: 5/16 to 5/23
CM: 14.7 (up from 11.7)
DWB: 0 (unchanged)
OBLR: 9 (up from 0)
OFM: 40 (down from 67)
RBLR: 0 (unchanged)
SJS: 0 (down from 2)
STLM: 6 (up from 1)
TABM:5 (up from 1)
VLR: 1 (unchanged)

Peach: 5/16 to 5/23
LPTB: 4 (down from 6)
PTB: 0 (first report)
OFM: 65 (down from 66)

Site: East District; Erie & Lorain Counties
Source: Jim Mutchler, IPM Scout

Traps Used: STLM=wing traps, SJS=Pherocon-V, Others=MultiPher®

Apple: 5/16 to 5/22
CM: 4.4 (down from 10.8)
RBLR: 0 (down from 5.5)
SJS: 0 (down from 5.3)
STLM: 152.3 (down from 851)

Peach: 5/16 to 5/22
OFM:* 4.0 (down from 4.3)
LPTB:
RBLR: 0.7 (down from 9.0)

Other pests include white apple leafhopper, and green apple aphid.

Beneficials include lacewing eggs and lady beetles.

*OFM Biofix April 30, DD (base 45) accumulated 5/16 = 276. See May 4 OFM article.

Site: West District; Huron, Ottawa, & Sandusky
Source: Gene Horner, IPM Scout

Traps Used: STLM=wing traps, SJS=Pherocon-V, PC = circle traps, Others=MultiPher® traps

Apple: 5/16 to 5/22
CM: 1.6 (down from 4.5
RBLR: 0 (down from 2.3)
SJS: 0 (unchanged)
STLM: 27

Peach: 5/16 to 5/22
OFM:* 2.4 (down from 7.6)
RBLR: 0.8 (down from 2.3)
LPTB: 13.0 (first report)

Other pests include green peach aphid and two-spotted spider mite.

Beneficials include predatory mites, banded thrips, and parasitic wasp.

*OFM Biofix April 30, DD (base 45) accumulated 5/16 = 276. See May 4 OFM article.

 

Northern Ohio Apple Scab & Fire Blight Activity from SkyBit®

Dates ( Bloom = May 1, Petal Fall = May 9) Level of Disease Activity
Observed
 May 1-7, 9, 10, 13, 14, 20 Scab active, but no infection
May 8, 11, 12, 15-19, 21-23 Possible scab infection & damage
May 1-7, 9, 10, 13, 14 No fire blight activity
May 8, 15, 16, 20, 22, 23 Fire blight active, but no infection
May 11, 12, 17-19, 21 Possible fire blight infection & damage
Forecast May 24-28 Possible scab infection & damage
May 29-31 Scab active, but no infection expected
May 24-28 Fire blight active, but no infection
May 29-31 No fire blight activity

 

Degree Day Accumulations for Selected Ohio Sites January 1, 2001 to date indicated

Location Reported Degree Day Accumulations Forecasted Degree Day Accumulations 5/30/01
May 9 May 16 May 23
Base 45° F Base 50° F Base 45° F Base 50° F Base 45° F Base 50° F Base 45° F Base 50° F
Akron - Canton 433 288 511 333 617 404 698 449
Cincinnati 666 458 800 558 931 655 1031 718
Cleveland 432 294 517 348 631 428 714 475
Columbus 607 418 724 499 854 594 944 650
Dayton 579 406 710 502 828 586 916 640
Mansfield 449 301 529 355 640 431 746 502
Norwalk 443 301 532 358 654 446 734 491
Piketon 659 445 775 526 907 623 1029 711
Toledo 422 284 529 356 646 438 728 484
Wooster 463 316 546 367 658 444 762 513
Youngstown 419 278 491 319 605 397 679 436

Phenology
Coming Events Range of Degree Day Accumulations
Base 43° F Base 50° F
Spotted tentiform leafminer 1st flight subsides 489-978 270-636
Redbanded leafroller 1st flight subsides 518-1104 255-658
Codling moth 1st flight peak 547-1346 307-824
Peachtree borer 1st catch 565-1557 299-988
San Jose scale 1st flight peak 581-761 308-449
Lesser peachtree borer flight peak 733-2330 392-1526

Thanks to Scaffolds Fruit Journal (Art Agnello)

The Ohio Fruit ICM News is edited by:

Ted W. Gastier
Extension Agent, Agriculture
Tree Fruit Team Coordinator
Ohio State University Extension Huron County
180 Milan Avenue
Norwalk, OH 44857
Phone: (419)668-8210
FAX: (419)663-4233
E-mail: gastier.1@osu.edu


Information presented above and where trade names are used, they are supplied with the understanding that no discrimination is intended and no endorsement by Ohio State University Extension is implied. Although every attempt is made to produce information that is complete, timely, and accurate, the pesticide user bears responsibility of consulting the pesticide label and adhering to those directions.

Copyright © The Ohio State University 2001

All educational programs conducted by Ohio State University Extension are available to clientele on a nondiscriminatory basis without regard to race, color, creed, religion, sexual orientation, national origin, gender, age, disability or Vietnam-era veteran status.

Keith L. Smith, Associate Vice President for Ag. Adm. and Director, OSU Extension.

TDD No. 800-589-8292 (Ohio only) or 614-292-1868

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