Ohio Fruit ICM News

Fruit ICM News

Volume 6, No. 42
December 12, 2002

In This Issue:

Calendar
Fruit Web Sites
Pesticide Terminology
Terminal Market Wholesale Fruit Prices
Monthly Climatological Data for November

Calendar

Jan. 15-17, 2003: Ohio Fruit & Vegetable Growers Congress & Ohio Roadside Marketing Conference, Toledo SeaGate Convention Centre and Radisson Hotel. Contact Jennifer Hungerford at 614-249-2424

Jan. 27-29, 2003: Indiana Horticultural Congress; Adams Mark Hotel in Indianapolis.

Feb. 7-8, 2003: North American Bramble Growers' Association will meet in Leesburg Virginia. The meeting will be held at the Holiday Inn at the Historic Carradoc Hall. Contact Jason Murray, Commercial Horticulture Agent, for further information, at jamurray@vt.edu or 703-737-8978. You can view the program at http://www.ento.vt.edu/Fruitfiles/NABGAProgram03.pdf

February 9-11, 2003: Ohio Grape-Wine Short Course at Wyndham Dublin Hotel in Dublin. For registration information and other details call 800-227-6972 or go online to http://www.ohiowines.org/

Fruit Web Sites

The last issue of this newsletter included general fruit websites. We should have mentioned that all of these addresses are also available at http://newfarm.osu.edu. Click on "crops" and choose "berries," "grapes," or "tree fruit." In this issue, we are including addresses specific to blackberries, blueberries, currants, elderberries, and gooseberries. These are also available at http://newfarm.osu.edu.

Blackberries

Blackberries - NC: http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort/hil/pdf/ag-401.pdf

Blackberry Crop Profile - NY: http://pestdata.ncsu.edu/cropprofiles/docs/nyblackberries.html

Blackberry Production - OR: http://berrygrape.orst.edu

Brambles, Production Management & Marketing - OH: http://ohioline.osu.edu/b782/index.html

Blueberries

Blueberry - PA: http://agalternatives.aers.psu.edu/crops/highbush_blueberry/highbush_blueberry.pdf

Blueberry Bulletin (The) - NJ: http://www.rce.rutgers.edu/pubs/blueberrybulletin/

Blueberry Crop Profile - MI: http://pestdata.ncsu.edu/cropprofiles/docs/miblueberries.html

Blueberry Crop Profile - NY: http://pestdata.ncsu.edu/cropprofiles/docs/nyblueberries.html

Blueberry Diseases - MI: http://www.msue.msu.edu/vanburen/e-1731.htm

Blueberry Establishment - BC: http://www.agf.gov.bc.ca/busmgmt/budgets/budget_pdf/berry/blueberry_establishment_summer_2001.pdf

Blueberry Insect Pests - MI: http://www.msue.msu.edu/vanburen/e-1863.htm

Blueberry Production - OR: http://berrygrape.orst.edu/fruitgrowing/berrycrops/blueberry.htm

Hand Harvest, Full Production - BC: http://www.agf.gov.bc.ca/busmgmt/budgets/budget_pdf/berry/blueberry_hand_full_prod_summer_2001.pdf

Highbush Blueberry Nutrition - MI: http://www.msue.msu.edu/vanburen/e-2011.htm

Hints on Growing Blueberries - MI: http://www.msue.msu.edu/vanburen/e-2066.htm

Machine Harvest, Full Production - BC: http://www.agf.gov.bc.ca/busmgmt/budgets/budget_pdf/berry/blueberry_machine_full_prod_summer_2001.pdf

Pick-Your-Own - NC: http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort/hil/hil-202.html

Postharvest Cooling & Handling - NC: http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/programs/extension/publicat/postharv/ag-413-7/index.html

Currants & Gooseberries

Black Currants - BC: http://www.agf.gov.bc.ca/busmgmt/budgets/budget_pdf/berry/currants_12_2000.pdf

Black Currants - CA: http://www.sfc.ucdavis.edu/cgi-bin/spec_crop.exe/show_crop&ID=3

Currents & Gooseberries - ID: http://www.uidaho.edu/~sandpnt/ribes.htm

Currants & Gooseberries - IN: http://www.hort.purdue.edu/ext/HO-17.pdf

Currants & Gooseberries - OR: http://berrygrape.orst.edu/fruitgrowing/berrycrops/currantgoose.htm

Gooseberry Crop Profile - NY: http://pestdata.ncsu.edu/cropprofiles/docs/nygooseberries.html

Currants, Gooseberries, and Elderberries - WS: http://www1.uwex.edu/ces/pubs/pdf/A1960.PDF

Elderberry

Elderberries - PA: http://ssfruit.cas.psu.edu/chapter11/chapter11a.htm

Elderberries - WI: http://www1.uwex.edu/ces/pubs/pdf/A1960.PDF

Elderberries for Home Gardens - Ontario: http://www.gov.on.ca/OMAFRA/english/crops/facts/95-005.htm

Pesticides: What the Terminology Tells You

Source: Janice LeBoeuf, Ontario, Vegetable Crop Specialist, Hort Matters, November 27, 2002

Are systemic pesticides better than contact pesticides? What does it mean when a fungicide is translaminar? Should I use an eradicant or a protectant? A good understanding of the properties of a pesticide is essential for making good pest management decisions, but pesticide terminology can be confusing. Here's a primer.

Systemic:

1. The pesticide is absorbed by the plant. It moves around in the plant to protect areas of the plant not contacted by the original application. Fungicides and insecticides may have this type of systemic activity. Systemics are not subject to washing off or weathering, and may provide longer residual activity than contacts.

However, systemics tend to act on specific sites in the pest, and are often more subject to the development of pest resistance.

2. The pesticide is absorbed by the pest, and moves around within the pest, to reach parts of the pest not contacted by the original application. Herbicides may have this type of systemic activity.

Systemic pesticides may not move through the entire plant (symplastic or basipetal translocation), but may only be absorbed in the local area of application (locally systemic), or may only move upward in the plant (apoplastic or acropetal translocation).

Contact:

The pesticide kills only the pest, or part of the pest, to which it is applied. Insects which are hit by or eat or walk on or breathe a contact insecticide could be affected. The part of the plant which is hit by the contact herbicide is affected. Fungal pathogens which attempt to invade the area of the plant where a contact fungicide is present, will be affected.

Preventative: See protectant.

Protectant:

A fungicide which must be applied to the plant before infection occurs. It acts as a shield against fungal infection. It has no effect on infections which have already occurred. These are generally contact fungicides, often have broad-spectrum activity, and are usually applied at higher rates than eradicants or curatives.

Eradicant:

A fungicide which is applied after disease symptoms are present, used to prevent the spread of the disease. These fungicides have systemic activity and most have preventative activity as well. Pest resistance tends to develop more easily than for protectants.

Curative:

A fungicide which is applied to the plant after infection has occurred, but before symptoms are present. These fungicides have systemic activity and most have preventative activity as well. Pest resistance tends to develop more easily than for protectants.

Kick-back or Reach-back:

Curative or eradicant fungicidal activity.

Translaminar:

A pesticide which can move through the leaf, but does not otherwise move around in the plant.

Locally systemic:

The pesticide is absorbed into the immediate area of application. It can move from cell to cell in the plant, but is not capable of long distance transport.

Terminal Market Wholesale Fruit Prices December 11, 2002

The intent of listing terminal market prices is to provide information available in the public domain. It is not intended for price setting, only to assist growers in evaluating the value of their crops. Producers need to remember that the prices listed are gross, and consideration must be given to marketing costs, including commission, handling charge, gate fees, and possible lumper fees.

Source: Chicago http://www.ams.usda.gov/mnreports/HX_FV010.txt
Detroit http://www.ams.usda.gov/mnreports/DU_FV010.txt
Pittsburgh http://www.ams.usda.gov/mnreports/PS_FV010.txt

.

Chicago Detroit Pittsburgh
Apples, ctns trypk, U.S. ExFcy
McIntosh WI 64s, 72s, 80s 25-26    
Apples, ctns trypk, U.S. Fancy
Cortland WI 72s 16.00

Golden Delicious

WV 125s 16.00
        138s 16.00
Red Delicious  
WV 125s 16.00
        138s 16.00
Apples, ctns celpk Combination
U.S. ExFcy-U.S. Fancy McIntosh 
MI 96s 23.50-24.00		  
Apples, ctns celpk, U.S. ExFcy
Empire   NY 100s 25.00-26.00
      120s 20.00-21.00		  
McIntosh NY 80s 26.00 NY 100s 25.00-26.00
      120s 20.00-21.00 		 
U.S. Fancy McIntosh NY 80s 16.50-17.00
      96s 26.00
    100s 16.50-17.00		   NY 80s 16.50-18.00
      100s 17.00-19.00
      120s 15.00-15.50
Apples, cartons, 12 3-lb filmbags
U.S. ExFcy Golden Delicious
Jonathan
Red Delicious
Red Rome		   MI 2½" min 15-15.50
MI 2½" min 16-16.50
MI 2½" min 15-15.50
MI 2½"min 13.50-14.00
WV 2½" min 15.50
Apples, cartons, 12 3-lb filmbags
Fugi   MI 2¼" min 12.00-12.50  
Gala MI 2½" up 16-16.50
      2¼" min 15.00		 MI 2¼" min 12.00-12.75  
Golden Delicious MI 2½" up 15.00
MI 2¼" min 12.50		 MI 2½" min 11.50-12.00
      2¼" min 11.50-12.00		 NY 2½" min 12.25-13.00
WV 2½" min 13.00
Jongold     NY 2½" min 13.00
Jonathan IL 2½" min 15-16.00
MI 2½" min 15.00		 MI 2¼" min 11.50-12.00  
McIntosh   MI 2¼" min 11.75-12.50 NY 2½" min 12.75-13.50
Red Delicious IL 2¼" up 15-15.50
MI 2 ¼" min 12.50		 MI 2½" min 12.00-13.50
       2¼" min 11.50-12.00		 NY 2½" min 11.50-13.00
WV 2¼" min 12.50
Red Rome     NY 2½" min 12.00-13.00
Apples, bu cartons, loose No Grade Marks

Gala MI 2½"min 16.00
       2¼" min 13.00		    
Golden Delicious MI 2¼" min 12.00 MI ExFcy 2¾" up 15
           Fcy 2½" up 12.00		  
Jonathan IL 2¼" up 14.00    
Red Delicious MI 2½" up 15.00
      2¼" min 12.00		 MI ExFcy 3" min 14.50-15
           Fcy 2¾" up 12.00 		 

 

Preliminary Monthly Climatological Data for Selected Ohio Locations, November, 2002

Weather Station Location Monthly Precip Normal Monthly Precip Year-to-Date Precip Normal Year-to-Date Precip Avg High Normal High Avg Low Normal Low Mean Temp. Normal Mean
Akron-Canton 4.35 3.04 37.76 35.49 45.2 48.7 32.5 33.4 38.9 41.0
Cincinnati 2.29 3.46 40.85 39.32 48.9 53.6 33.7 35.7 41.3 44.7
Cleveland 3.65 3.38 32.68 35.56 46.7 48.7 35.9 34.9 41.3 41.8
Columbus 3.00 3.19 37.44 35.57 48.1 52.5 34.7 34.9 41.4 43.7
Dayton 3.07 3.30 35.92 36.50 46.2 50.1 33.0 34.3 39.6 42.2
Fremont 2.58 2.78 32.64 31.97 46.6 49.3 29.7 32.1 38.2 40.7
Kingsville 5.33 3.60 41.74 36.80 46.6 49.6 35.1 35.0 40.8 42.3
Mansfield 2.88 3.76 34.51 39.97 44.2 48.7 32.0 32.2 38.1 40.4
Norwalk 4.77 2.91 39.33 32.87 45.7 48.7 34.0 31.9 39.9 40.3
Piketon 2.33 3.00 35.38 38.80 51.1 52.2 33.8 33.2 42.5 42.7
Toledo 2.60 2.78 26.42 30.57 46.5 48.3 33.7 32.6 40.1 40.4
Wooster 2.81 2.93 31.95 33.57 46.8 49.3 33.4 31.8 40.1 40.5
Youngstown 3.17 3.07 37.79 35.06 45.1 48.4 33.8 33.0 39.5 40.7

Temperatures in degrees F, Precipitation in inches
Record Highs Set: November 10th; Dayton 71F, Piketon 77F
Record Highs Tied: November 10th; Cincinnati 74 F, Columbus 71 F
Table Created by Ted W. Gastier, OSU Extension from National Weather Service Data, OARDC, and local reports

The Ohio Fruit ICM News is edited by:

Ted W. Gastier
Extension Agent, Agriculture
Tree Fruit Team Coordinator
Ohio State University Extension Huron County
180 Milan Avenue
Norwalk, OH 44857
Phone: (419)668-8210
FAX: (419)663-4233
E-mail: gastier.1@osu.edu


Information presented above and where trade names are used, they are supplied with the understanding that no discrimination is intended and no endorsement by Ohio State University Extension is implied. Although every attempt is made to produce information that is complete, timely, and accurate, the pesticide user bears responsibility of consulting the pesticide label and adhering to those directions.

Copyright © The Ohio State University 2002

All educational programs conducted by Ohio State University Extension are available to clientele on a nondiscriminatory basis without regard to race, color, creed, religion, sexual orientation, national origin, gender, age, disability or Vietnam-era veteran status.

Keith L. Smith, Associate Vice President for Ag. Adm. and Director, OSU Extension.

TDD No. 800-589-8292 (Ohio only) or 614-292-1868

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