In This Issue:
Calendar
Ohio Berry Grower Twilight Meeting at Piketon
New Small Fruit Web Resource
The ABCs of GAPs
Correction of Raspberry Evaluation
Lesser Appleworm
Grape Insecticide News
Degree Day Accumulations
Pest Phenology
Fruit Observations & Trap Reports
Preliminary Ohio Climatological Data for May
June 18-20: Annual Meeting of the American Society for Enology and Viticulture, Reno Hilton, Reno, NV. American Society for Enology and Viticulture; 530-753-3142; E-mail: society@asev.org; Web site: http://www.asev.org.
June 25: Ohio Fruit Growers Society Summer Tour, Glen Hill Orchard, 17156 Glen Road, Mt. Vernon, OH. Registration begins at 8:00 a.m. Member registration fees are $15 per family and $10 per individual. (Non-member fees are $20 and $15.) Morning refreshments and noontime meal will be available for purchase. Rooms are available at the Mount Vernon AmeriHost at a rate of $60/single or $64/double. Call the hotel by June 3 for reservations: 800-480-8221. You may contact the Ohio Fruit Growers Society at 614-246-8292 for additional information.
July 6-8: International Dwarf Fruit Tree Association Summer Tour, Kelowna, BC, Canada; Charles Ax, International Dwarf Fruit Tree Association; 570-837-1551; Web site: http://www.idfta.org.
The Ohio State University South Centers at Piketon invites anyone interested in growing strawberries, blueberries, blackberries and/or red and black raspberries to attend a Berry Twilight Meeting at their Research and Extension Centers on Monday, June 9 from 5:00 PM to 8:00 PM.
"This is an important educational event for
anyone who grows or wants to grow a berry crop for
farm profit," says Brad Bergefurd, Horticulture
Extension Agent at the OSU South Centers in Piketon.
"We have been conducting very extensive research and
demonstration berry trials at this location for 11 years
and have some fascinating results that we would like to
share with growers that may help them become more
profitable berry growers, " says Bergefurd.
Currently there are 18 different research and demonstration trials, over 300 different research plots, on berries being conducted by the staff of the OSU South Centers. These include over 600 summer and fall red raspberry plants, over 250 thorny blackberry plants, and over 150 thornless blackberry plants. Some new genetic material was imported from China and was made available to OSU through Dr. Harry Schwartz from the University of Maryland. "We are looking at these new varieties for yield, hardiness, and disease resistance," says Dr. Shawn Wright, Horticulture Specialist at the OSU South Centers. "As the berry industry grows in Ohio, it is critical to have producers growing those varieties that will perform well and stay in production for a high number of years," says Wright.
Other berry trials being conducted by the Ohio State University South Centers include a Black Raspberry Variety Study, a Black Raspberry Alternate Year Production and Pruning Study, a Blueberry Water and Nitrogen Management Study, a Plasticulture Strawberry Winter Protection Study, and a Plasticulture Strawberry Date of Planting Study, to name a few.
In addition to tours and updates of the berry
research trials, Dr. Dick Funt, The Ohio State
University Small Fruits Specialist and Dr. Mike Ellis,
The Ohio State University Small Fruit Disease
Specialist will provide updates on new herbicides for
strawberries, the use of plastic on strawberries for weed
control in eastern cultivars, strawberry renovation
procedures, and disease control tactics for small fruit.
Sandy Kuhn, Berry Coordinator at the OSU
South Centers, will provide an update on the many
exciting opportunities that are occurring in the Ohio
Berry Industry. "The OSU South Centers staff is
committed to helping the berry industry in Ohio to grow
and flourish," says Sandy. "Ohio has the potential to
grow over 5 to 10 times the current production;
therefore, as farmers consider alternative crops, berries
seem to be a very viable option," says Kuhn.
Several companies from the small fruit
industry, including irrigation, fertilizer, and plant
suppliers have also been invited to provide updates on
what new items are available to berry growers.
The Berry Twilight meeting is free and open to everyone. The meeting will be held at the OSU South Centers, 1864 Shyville Road, in Piketon Ohio. Tours of the field research trials will be from 5:00 to 7:00 PM with times for questions of industry specialists and supper being served from 7:00 PM to 8:00 PM. For more information on the Berry Twilight meeting or any of the Berry Research trials being conducted at the OSU South Centers, please contact our office at 740- 289-2071, 1-800-297-2072, or visit our web site at http://www.southcenters.osu.edu.
The other day I paid a visit to a farm to work with a couple of growers on their Food Safety Program. These two gentlemen had attended the OFVGFS workshop and were indeed aware of the latest food safety information offered by the USDA, FSIS, FDA, CFSAN, CDC, National GAPs Program, OSCFS initiative, MAAHS, CIFT/EISC, and OSU's ABE Center. These men had listened carefully as we discussed GAPs, GHPs, SOPs, and SSOPs, as well as GMPs, CFRs, HACCP, pH, ORP, UV, and the ABC's.
In the daily course of running their operation, they also were aware of labor, health, and safety requirements from the FD&C Act, NRCS, CREES, U.S. EPA, and OSHA. Sure, they were informed and making a voluntary effort to bring their operation in line with buyer expectations. They were preparing for a third party audit. They just couldn't understand what the heck I was talking about.
In my role as a Food Safety Educator, I focus on GAPs, GHPs, GMPs, SOPs, SSOPs, CFRs, QA, QC and HAACP daily, so it becomes a habit for me to throw these letters around as if they were words used in everyday conversations. I am consistently aware of the time limits all of us face as we struggle to make a living in this world, so I tend to err on the side of speaking in shorthand to speed things along. Unfortunately, people start to feel confused and overwhelmed, silently wondering why I'm showering them with bowls of alphabet soup.
And yet, no one likes to waste time, least of all growers; so I thought it might be helpful if I made a list of these acronyms along with their definitions. Many of these acronyms (i.e. GMPs and HACCP) apply only if you are processing fruit and/or vegetables. A lot of them you already know, yet there may be a few that slipped by too quickly to remember, so here they are:
ABCs - You know - the alphabet song! For those who haven't heard, this is what you want to teach your workers to sing (silently is ok) while they wash hands to assure that they have scrubbed for twenty seconds and effectively removed microorganisms.
ABE Center - Agriculture Business Enhancement Center. Where you will find Mary Donnell, the Ohio Collaborator for the Good Agricultural Practices Project and Education Coordinator for the Ohio Specialty Crop Food Safety Initiative.
CDC - Center for Disease Control. People who work to track and overcome diseases. If we do our part, maybe we can hear a little less from them.
CFRs - Code of Federal Regulations. These are the regulations that apply to processed foods.
CIFT - Center for Innovative Food Technology. Where I, a Food Safety Educator, work.
CFSAN - Center for Food Safety and Nutrition. A division of the FDA.
CREES - Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Services.
FDA - Food and Drug Administration. The agency that is charged with implementing the FD&C Act.
FD&C Act - Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. The law from which certain food regulations have been developed.
FSIS - Food Safety Inspection Service. As most know, this is part of USDA.
GAPs - Good Agricultural Practices. Recommended (not regulated) agricultural practices developed to help growers maintain a safe operation.
GHPs - Good Handling Practices. Recommended (not regulated) handling practices developed to maintain safety and sanitation of fruit and vegetables during storage and transportation.
GMPs - Good Manufacturing Practices. A set of regulations that define the practices a manufacturer of food products must follow.
HACCP - Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points. A program used by food processors to detect and control potential hazards in food manufacturing.
MAAHS - Mid American Ag and Hort Services. Where you can leave a message for John Wargowsky to indicate interest in the Ohio Specialty Crop Food Safety Initiative and for assistance on labor issues.
NRCS - Natural Resources Conservation Service (Used to be SCS - Soil Conservation Service).
OFVGFS - Ohio Fruit and Vegetable Growers Food Safety Workshop. A program some of you attended back in March to learn all about this stuff.
ORP - Oxygen Reduction Potential. A measurement that indicates whether a water sanitation method (i.e. copper ionization) is working properly.
OSHA - Occupational Safety and Health Act.
OSCFS - Ohio Specialty Crop Food Safety Initiative. The program that is providing us with the resources to teach about GAPs and GHPs, as well as help growers prepare Food Safety Programs.
OSU - You're breaking my heart! Certainly you know TBDTITL!
pH - pH. It's a measurement of how much free acid is present in food or water.
QA - Quality Assurance. The way you make sure you're selling at a certain quality level.
QI - Quality Improvement. What we all are striving for; some of us simply in life.
SOPs - Standard Operating Procedures. A step-by-step description of how you do things.
SSOPs - Sanitation Standard Operating Procedures. A step-by-step description of how you clean things. UV - Ultra Violet. A type of light that can be used for water treatment, amongst other things.
U.S. EPA - United States Environmental Protection Agency. The people who set the standards for water quality.
The Ohio Specialty Crop Food Safety Initiative is financed in part or totally through a grant from the Ohio Department of Agriculture, the State of Ohio and the United States Department of Agriculture under the provisions of the Specialty Crop Grant
The summer reds definitely aren't normally listed as thornless. Sorry for the misprint.
The lesser appleworm, Grapholitha prunivora (Walsh) is considered a minor pest of apple. The adult is small (3/16 inch) and dark. When at rest, a gold band becomes evident across the moth's back. First generation larvae appear in early June and their shallow feeding habit produces a blotchy mine below the skin that is rarely deeper than 1/4 inch. The mature larvae borer to the outside of the apple fruit and drop to the ground.
Most 1st generation larvae mature by late July, with pupation occurring inside silken cocoons spun in sheltered places on the bark or the fruit. The adults begin emerging the first week in August and 2nd generation larvae are found in fruit from mid-August through early October. An image of apple fruit damage is available at: http://tfpg.cas.psu.edu/part2/part22br.htm (Click on lesser appleworm and then "shallow mines under the skin.")
In our 2003 small fruit spray guide, we included the new insecticide Assail WSP for control of leafhoppers on grapes. Our listing was based on the federal label which was approved in May 2002. The state label for Ohio and several other states was just approved in late May 2003. Assail WSP is for grapes only, and is a different product than the Assail 70WP used on apples and other crops.
|
Ohio Location |
Degree Day Accumulations | |||
| Base 45° F | Base 50° F | |||
| Actual | Normal | Actual | Normal | |
| Akron/Canton | 742 | 773 | 428 | 497 |
| Cincinnati | 1045 | 1144 | 691 | 779 |
| Cleveland | 710 | 733 | 418 | 470 |
| Columbus | 982 | 921 | 638 | 609 |
| Dayton | 918 | 941 | 583 | 629 |
| Kingsville | 548 | 639 | 290 | 405 |
| Mansfield | 690 | 756 | 383 | 485 |
| Norwalk | 685 | 721 | 393 | 465 |
| Piketon | 1107 | 1158 | 721 | 790 |
| Toledo | 660 | 710 | 369 | 458 |
| Wooster | 8251 | 712 | 500 | 448 |
| Youngstown | 645 | 690 | 350 | 435 |
| Coming Event | Degree Day Accum. Base 50° F |
| Peachtree borer 1st catch | 299 - 988 |
| Codling moth 1st flight peak | 307 - 824 |
| Lesser peachtree borer flight peak | 392 - 1526 |
| San Jose scale 1st flight subsides | 434 - 656 |
| Oriental fruit moth 1st flight subsides | 442 - 1026 |
| Lesser appleworm 1st flight subsides | 444 - 999 |
| Spotted tentiform leafminer 2nd flight begins | 449 - 880 |
| San Jose scale 1st generation crawlers present | 569 - 784 |
Site: Waterman Lab, Columbus
Dr. Celeste Welty, OSU Extension Entomologist
Site: Medina, Wayne, & Holmes Counties
Ron Becker, IPM Program Assistant
Apple: 5/28 to 6/04/03
| STLM: | Holmes: 0 (same as last week) |
| Medina: 0 (same as last week) | |
| Wayne: 0 (same as last week) | |
| RBLR: | Holmes: 0 (same as last week) |
| Medina: 0 (same as last week) | |
| Wayne: 0 (same as last week) | |
| CM: | Holmes: 1.4 (up from 1.0) |
| Medina: 0.8 (up from 0.2) | |
| Wayne: 33.4 (up from 31.6) |
Peach: 5/28 to 6/04/03
| LPTB: | Holmes: 9 (up from 3) |
| Medina: 1.5 (down from 5) | |
| Wayne: 6 (same as last week) | |
| OFM: | Holmes: 1 (up from 0) |
| Medina: 2 (up from 0) | |
| Wayne: 1 (down from 4) | |
| PTB: | Holmes: 0 (same as last week) |
| Medina: 0 (same as last week) | |
| Wayne: 0 (same as last week) |
Apple: 1st plum curculio damage observed; more scab, hatching ERM, STLM mines, leafhoppers & aphids.
Peach: powdery mildew
Strawberry: harvest started. Pests found: two-spotted spider mite, aphids, spittle bugs, and slugs.
Brambles: two-spotted spider mites.
Site: East District: Erie & Lorain Counties
Jim Mutchler, IPM Scout
Other pests include green apple aphid, rosy apple aphid, and white apple leafhopper. Beneficials found include lady beetle and green lacewing
Site: West District: Huron, Ottawa, Richland, & Sandusky Counties - Gene Horner, IPM Scout
| Weather Station Location | Monthly Precip | Normal Monthly Precip | Year-to-Date Precip | Normal Year-to-Date Precip | Avg High | Normal High | Avg Low | Normal Low | Mean Temp. | Normal Mean |
| Akron-Canton | 8.16 | 3.96 | 16.91 | 15.27 | 66.7 | 69.8 | 48.6 | 47.8 | 57.7 | 58.8 |
| Cincinnati | 7.29 | 4.59 | 16.99 | 18.12 | 70.5 | 74.4 | 53.2 | 52.9 | 61.8 | 63.6 |
| Cleveland | 6.49 | 3.50 | 16.01 | 14.58 | 66.7 | 68.5 | 48.9 | 48.3 | 57.8 | 58.4 |
| Columbus | 5.92 | 3.88 | 15.29 | 14.75 | 69.5 | 73.3 | 52.1 | 51.8 | 60.8 | 62.5 |
| Dayton | 6.62 | 4.17 | 14.06 | 16.38 | 68.3 | 71.2 | 51.6 | 51.1 | 60.0 | 61.1 |
| Fremont | 6.33 | 3.60 | 14.09 | 15.50 | 67.5 | 70.4 | 45.5 | 48.2 | 56.5 | 59.3 |
| Kingsville | 6.76 | 3.32 | 16.58 | 12.70 | 64.5 | 67.0 | 45.8 | 47.1 | 55.2 | 57.1 |
| Mansfield | 5.24 | 4.42 | 13.29 | 16.75 | 66.5 | 69.3 | 47.2 | 46.7 | 56.9 | 58.0 |
| Norwalk | 5.96 | 3.55 | 14.86 | 13.08 | 66.4 | 69.3 | 48.7 | 48.0 | 57.5 | 58.6 |
| Piketon | 6.78 | 4.20 | 19.05 | 18.60 | 71.7 | 73.8 | 53.2 | 49.5 | 62.5 | 61.7 |
| Toledo | 5.69 | 3.14 | 13.54 | 12.81 | 66.5 | 70.6 | 47.3 | 48.5 | 56.9 | 59.6 |
| Wooster | 5.36 | 4.01 | 15.28 | 13.91 | 69.4 | 70.6 | 48.7 | 46.5 | 59.0 | 58.5 |
| Youngstown | 6.84 | 3.45 | 14.97 | 14.20 | 65.7 | 69.0 | 46.5 | 46.2 | 56.1 | 57.6 |
Temperatures in degrees F, Precipitation in inches Table Created by Ted W. Gastier, OSU Extension from National Weather Service, OARDC & Local Data
Ted W. Gastier
Extension Agent, Agriculture
Tree Fruit Team Coordinator
Ohio State University Extension Huron County
180 Milan Avenue
Norwalk, OH 44857
Phone: (419)668-8210
FAX: (419)663-4233
E-mail: gastier.1@osu.edu
Copyright © The Ohio State University 2003
All educational programs conducted by Ohio State University Extension
are available to clientele on a nondiscriminatory basis without regard to
race, color, creed, religion, sexual orientation, national origin, gender,
age, disability or Vietnam-era veteran status.
Keith L. Smith, Associate Vice President for Ag. Adm. and Director,
OSU Extension.
TDD No. 800-589-8292 (Ohio only) or 614-292-1868