In This Issue:
Calendar
Drought Conditions Persist as of Sept. 4th
Federal Crop Insurance Disaster Claims
Herbicide Update Fall Weed Control Practices
Fruit Observations
Degree Day Accumulations
Terminal Market Wholsale Fruit Prices
September 27: Annual Pumpkin Twilight Meeting, Hillsboro Research Site, Southern State Community College, Rte. 62 North, Hillsboro, 6:00 p.m. to 9:00 p.m. For more information contact Brad Bergefurd (800) 860-7232.
| Region | Category of Drought |
| NW Ohio | Severe |
| WCentral Ohio | Severe |
| SW Ohio | Extreme |
| SCentral Ohio | Severe |
| Central Ohio | Extreme |
| NCentral Ohio | Severe |
| NE Ohio | Severe |
| Central Hills | Severe |
| NE Hills | Severe |
| SE Ohio | Severe |
For fruit producers who carry Federal Crop Insurance for fresh fruit option B (for US Fancy grades, higher value fruit) and who are in one of the counties in Ohio that have been declared Federal Disaster Areas: Contact the Office of Risk Management in Springfield, Illinois at (217) 241-6600 and inform them how bad the crop is in these adversely affected areas of Ohio. The losses experienced in the Wheelersburg area include small fruit size, sunburn, corkspot, poor fruit color, etc. Unless this Risk Management office hears directly from the growers, growers with crop insurance may not receive the benefits and payments from their policies as they should.
Seasoned growers know that weed control in the establishment year is critical to ensure a productive and long-lasting planting. Best results have been obtained from timely cultivation combined with herbicides. Herbicides are selective, meaning some weeds are controlled while others are not. Applying a herbicide that does not control the weeds in your field is an expensive mistake. To ensure this doesn't happen, scout your fields to identify weeds (along with other pest and nutritional problems). Weed identification in the seedling stage is essential if you are hoping to achieve same-season weed control with herbicides.
Scouting for weeds in late September and October will reveal an explosion of weed germination. These weeds are mostly winter annual and perennial species such as common groundsel, field violet, and fall aster, which will over-winter and cause problems next spring. Herbicide application in advance of this fall germination cycle is essential for success. We like to refer to this as the Labor Day herbicide application, in the hope that the annual holiday will trigger growers' memory of the need to spray. The Labor Day herbicide, which is effective if applied anytime during September, usually consists of Devrinol or Dacthal (more effective on field violet) and is intended to control germinating weeds throughout the fall when cultivation is no longer possible.
Certain established weeds can be controlled with herbicides. Perennial grasses should be treated with Poast to minimize competition with the crop and to reduce the level of infestation next year. Apply Poast over the next few weeks when quackgrass is about 4 to 6 inches high. 2,4-D (amine formulations only) should not be overlooked as a mid-fall treatment to control established broadleaf perennials such as dandelions and seedling winter annuals such as shepherd's purse. Application should be delayed until at least the first of October, but do not apply when the ground is frozen. Roundup can be used to spot spray patches of persistent perennial weeds using a 1% solution sprayed to run-off; however, remember that strawberries are very sensitive to this herbicide and drift will kill young daughter plants. With all post- emergence herbicides it is best to keep the water volume used in application below 12 gallons per acre.
Late fall herbicide options, applied just before mulching, consist of Sinbar, Devrinol, and Goal. Of these only Goal can be expected to kill established annual weeds. Goal can be applied in the fall, once the crop has entered dormancy up to the time of mulching, and will provide excellent control of a number of annuals including common groundsel, field violet, and yellow wood sorrel (oxalis). Late fall treatments of Goal may provide some residual soil activity; however, Sinbar or Devrinol is needed to ensure effective weed control in the spring. Clean beds should be treated with one of these two products or with a tank-mix just before winter mulching.
Remember that the final activity of the season may have a major impact on future weed problems. Some of the worst weeds ever encountered in strawberry fields can be introduced in weed contaminated straw mulch. So be sure who you put your crop to bed for the winter with!
Site: Waterman Farm, Columbus
Source: Dr.Celeste Welty, OSU Extension Entomologist
Traps Used: AM = red balls, SJS = tent traps,
Others = wing traps
Apple: 9/1-9/7
Site: East District; Erie & Lorain Counties
Source: Jim Mutchler, IPM Scout
Traps: AM = red balls, SJS = tent traps,
STLM = wing traps, Others = Multipher traps
Apple: 9/1 - 9/7
Site: West District; Huron, Ottawa, & Sandusky
Counties
Source: Gene Horner, IPM Scout
Traps Used: AM = red balls, SJS = tent traps,
STLM = wing traps, Others = Multipher traps
Apple: 9/1 - 9/7
Other pest activity: two-spotted spider mite, white apple leafhopper, tarnished plant bug, plum curculio strike
Beneficials at work: banded thrips
| Actual DD Accumulations
September 8, 1999 |
Forecasted Degree Day Accumulations
September 15, 1999 | |||||
| Location | Base 43° F | Base° 50 F | Base 43° F | Normal | Base 50° F | Normal |
| Akron - Canton | 3701 | 2583 | 3845 | 3721 | 2678 | 2553 |
| Cincinnati | 4331 | 3116 | 4493 | 4609 | 3229 | 3312 |
| Cleveland | 3737 | 2629 | 3884 | 3669 | 2727 | 2517 |
| Columbus | 4438 | 3253 | 4592 | 4082 | 3358 | 2864 |
| Dayton | 4156 | 2996 | 4308 | 4167 | 3099 | 2948 |
| Elyria | 3890 | 2785 | 4029 | 3854 | 2874 | 2682 |
| Fremont | 3520 | 2449 | 3651 | 3720 | 2531 | 2581 |
| Mansfield | 3562 | 2449 | 3707 | 3693 | 2545 | 2533 |
| Norwalk | 3750 | 2652 | 3887 | 3639 | 2740 | 2502 |
| Toledo | 3831 | 2751 | 3982 | 3626 | 2833 | 2491 |
| Wooster | 3803 | 2679 | 3944 | 3520 | 2771 | 2370 |
| Youngstown | 3444 | 2358 | 3585 | 3451 | 2450 | 2317 |
| Chicago: http://www.ams.usda.gov/mnreports/HX_FV010.txt | |||
| Apples - market about steady | Pears | Peaches | Prune Plum |
| Cartons 12 3-lb filmbags -- Michigan
US Fancy Paula Reds US Fancy Jonathan US Fancy Gala Bushel cartons loose -- Michigan No Size Marks - McIntosh 12.00-13.00 No Size Marks - Gala 12.00 US One Ginger Gold 2 ½" up 12.00 No Grade Marks - Golden Delicious w/o Size Marks 13.00-14.00 |
Michigan Standard Carton
w/o Grade Marks 2" min Bartlett 7.00 |
25 lb cartons loose-- West Virginia
Ex One various yellow flesh varieties New Jersey
|
30 lb cartons -- Michigan
US One Stanley 1 1/4" min 11.00-12.00 few higher fair appearance 7.00-10.00 |
| Apples - Gala lower, others steady | Pears | Peaches | Prune Plums |
| Cartons 12 3-lb filmbags Michigan
US ExFancy McIntosh US Fancy McIntosh Paula Reds 2 1/2" min 10.00-11.50 Gala 2 1/2" min 10.00-12.00 Earigold 2 ½" min 10.00-12.00 Ginger Gold 2 1/2" min few 14.00 Gold Supreme 2 1/2" 11.50-12.00 |
California only | ½ bushel cartons
New Jersey ExOne various yellow flesh varieties 2 3/4" up 14-16 Pennsylvania U.S. Fancy various yellow flesh varieties 2 ½" 11.00- 12.00 |
30 lb cartons -- Michigan
Stanley 1 1/4" min 10.00 Bluefire 1 ½" min 13.50-14.00 |
| Pittsburgh: http://www.ams.usda.gov/mnreports/PS_FV010.txt | |||
| Apples - market lower | Pears | Peaches | Prune Plums |
| Cartons 12 3-lb filmbags-- Michigan
US Fancy Paula Reds 2 1/2" min/up 10.50 New York -- US ExFcy Red Delicious 2 1/2" min 11.00-12.00 McIntosh 2 1/2" min 11.50-12.00 Paula Red 2 1/2" min 11.00-12.00 Rome 2 ½" min 14.00-14.50 |
New York
10 2-lb FLMBGS
½ Cartons Seckel 16.50 |
25 lb cartons -- Pennsylvania
No Grade Marks various yellow flesh varieties
West Virginia w/o grade marks 2 ½" min 10.50 |
30 lb cartons -- Michigan
US One Stanley 1 1/4" min 13.00 |
Ted W. Gastier
Extension Agent, Agriculture
Tree Fruit Team Coordinator
Ohio State University Extension Huron County
180 Milan Avenue
Norwalk, OH 44857
Phone: (419)668-8210
FAX: (419)663-4233
E-mail: gastier.1@osu.edu
Information presented above and where trade names are used, they are supplied with the understanding that no discrimination is intended and no endorsement by Ohio State University Extension is implied. Although every attempt is made to produce information that is complete, timely, and accurate, the pesticide user bears responsibility of consulting the pesticide label and adhering to those directions.
All educational programs conducted by Ohio State University Extension are available to clientele on a nondiscriminatory basis without regard to race, color, creed, religion, sexual orientation, national origin, gender, age, disability or Vietnam-era veteran status.
Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Keith L. Smith, Director, Ohio State University Extension.
TDD # 1 (800) 589-8292 (Ohio only) or (614) 292-1868