In This Issue:

Calendar
Drought Conditions in Ohio as of Nov. 6th
Midwest Fruit Report
Insecticide Update
Terminal Market Wholesale Fruit Prices November 10, 1999
Preliminary Monthly Climatological Data for Selected Ohio Locations October 1999

Calendar

December 16: Fruit & Vegetable Policy Development Meeting, contact Mike Pullins, (614) 249-2424.

January 13-14, 2000: Greenhouse Food Production Workshop, OARDC Fisher Auditorium, Wooster. Contact Mary Donnell, (419) 354-6916,

February 7-9: Pre-Conference Tours for the Ohio Fruit & Vegetable Growers Congress in conjunction with the North American Farmer's Direct Marketing Conference and Ohio Roadside Marketing Conference, Cincinnati, OH. For information contact Mike Pullins at (614) 249-2424.

February 10-12: Ohio Fruit & Vegetable Growers Congress, Cincinnati, OH. More details later.

Drought Conditions in Ohio as of Nov 6

Midwest Fruit Report

Illinois

• The ribbed cocoon-maker and tufted apple bud moth, while not "new pests", were observed this growing season.
• Japanese beetle populations were high from 6/11 to 7/19, with great preference shown for Honeycrisp apple.
• Heat injury was observed in apples, with some trees (10-35 years old) in southern Illinois believed to be dying from drought.

Indiana

• The peach crop was frozen out in all but the lower parts of the state.
• Apple fruit size was a bit smaller than usual, with some concern about return bloom.
• Some delayed winter injury was observed in brambles, with variable yields across the state.
• Overall a real "vintage" year for Indiana grapes.
• Strawberry growers in the southern part of the state had one of the earliest and best seasons ever, while northern growers experienced a shorten season due to record high temperatures.
• Blueberry yields were down, but fruit quality and size were excellent with an early harvest.
• The potential for reduced fruit yields next year exists because of the negative effects on flower bud development by drought conditions.
• Compared with the past five years, both primary and secondary scab infection periods were light to moderate, resulting in significantly less foliar and fruit apple scab.
• One of the surprises of 1999 (given the hot, dry conditions) was the lack of problems with European red mites.

Iowa

• Weather in Iowa was unusually wet from spring through early July, and normal to dry thereafter.
• Scab was severe in some orchards; sooty blotch and flyspeck were moderate to severe.
• Late-season mite damage was evident in some orchards.
• A week of very high temperatures (98-100 °F in early June) resulted in blistering and whitening on the epidermis of leaves in several orchards.
• The strawberry malady called "seedy berry" (spongy, somewhat off-flavor berries with dull coloration, reduced shine, and prominent achenes) was severe in many commercial fields in Iowa.

Kentucky

• The demand by farmers to diversify Kentucky agriculture (due to the rapid drop in demand for Kentucky tobacco) is a challenging task for the professional support team.
• The Kentucky State Horticultural Society received a State Department Value-Added grant providing ten new pasteurizers for cider producers.
• The months of July, August, and September were the driest reported in the state for the past century.
• The "Show-Me" and "Spectrum Watchdog" orchard weather station with leaf wetness monitors (used for plant disease management) were utilized by two locations.
• Estimates, as a percentage of normal full crop for the state, are 100% for peaches, grapes, blueberries, and English walnuts. Other tree, small fruits, and nut crops range from 0-90%.

Ohio

• Most growers tightened up their spray programs and obtained very good apple scab control this year; summer disease pressure was minimal.
• 1999 was the worst year for orange rust on black raspberry and blackberry in 20 years.
• Phomopsis leaf blight is increasing in incidence in many Ohio strawberry plantings.
• To expand and modernize the Ohio small fruit industry, a Berry Strategic Plan (1999 to 2008) was written.
• In an effort to increase the supply of fresh berries, a Berry Coordinator position was funded by the State of Ohio, providing monies for two years.
• Periodical cicada emergence in eastern Ohio caused significant damage in many orchards, even where Asana was sprayed several times.
• European red mite populations were viable: quite low at many sites, but quite high at others.
• Codling moth had 3 generations.
• San Jose scale infestations seem to be on the increase in apple orchards, possibly due to fewer growers using oil for mite control.
• Reports of scattered serious problems with wooly apple aphid, spotted tentiform leafminer, and white marked tussock moth.
• Thrips damage on strawberries was severe at some locations in central and western Ohio in early June.
• Codling moth trap catches were quite variable across the state.
• Apple maggot pressures were light.
• Reports of peach fruit damage from Oriental fruit moth in northern Ohio.

Insecticide Update for Vegetable & Fruit Crops 1999/2000

New Products:

Confirm 2F (tebufenozide), an insect growth regulator (IGR) from Rohm & Haas, for caterpillar control. Registered 5/99 on cole crops, lettuce, greens, tomato, pepper, eggplant; registered 8/99 for use on apples, pears, blueberries, brambles.
Cinnamite (cinnamaldehyde) from Mycotech for use on herbs and spices and greenhouse vegetables for control of aphids, mites, and powdery mildew (3/99).
Proclaim 5WDG (emamectin benzoate) from Novartis, for caterpillar control. Registered 5/99 for use on cole crops, head lettuce, celery.
Capture 2EC (bifenthrin) from FMC, registered 8/99 for use on sweet corn, cucurbits, cole crops, beans, peas, eggplant. A pyrethroid that controls caterpillars, beetles, leafhoppers, bugs.
Fulfill 50WG (phmetrozine) from Novartis, for aphid control and for suppression of whiteflies, leafhoppers, and other sucking bugs. Registered 9/99 for use on potato.

Registration of Existing Products Expanded to Additional Crops:

Ammo (cypermethrin) from FMC, on green onion for thrips control, 3/99.
Asana (esfenvalerate) from DuPont, on mustard greens for caterpillar control, 3/99.
SpinTor (spinosad) from Dow AgroSciences, on potato, sweet corn (6/99); cucurbits, beans, peas, stone fruit (9/99) for control of caterpillars and some thrips, beetles, fruit flies.
Baythroid (cyfluthrin) on potato for control of beetles, leafhoppers, caterpillars (7/99)
Admire, Provado (imidacloprid) on cucurbits for aphid, cucumber beetle control (9/99).

New Expansions in Use:

Apollo (clofentezine) miticide, new pre-harvest interval (45 days) on apples, which allows for post-bloom use rather than previous restriction to use only pre-bloom; 4/99.

New Restrictions in Use:

Guthion 50WP (effective 12/1/99): pre-harvest interval for apple increased to 14 days, or 21 days if last application greater than 2 lb/A.
Yearly maximum amount of product used per acre reduced for apple, pear, peach.
For all crops, re-entry interval (REI) remains 48 hours only for low-contact activities (mowing, irrigating, and scouting).
Re-entry interval is now lengthened for high-contact activities (hand harvesting, hand thinning): REI now 14 days for apple, pear, peach; 21 days for grapes; 4 days for strawberry, brambles, blueberry, and vegetables.

Discontinued Uses:

Penncap-M (methyl parathion) on all fruit crops and tomato, broccoli, cauliflower, brussels sprouts, kohlrabi, rutabagas, greens (collards, kale, mustard, turnips), lettuce, spinach, celery, carrots, succulent beans, succulent peas (but still OK to use on sweet corn, onions, cabbage, white potatoes, sweet potato, dried beans, dried peas.)

Anticipated New Uses to be Registered for Existing Products in Next Year or Two:

Agri-Mek (abamectin) miticide on grapes.
Pyramite (pyridaben) miticide on grapes.

Anticipated New Products to be Registered in Next Year or Two:

AvauntWG (indoxacarb) from DuPont, for caterpillars and more, on apple, pear, cole crops, lettuce, tomato, pepper.
Aphistar from Rohm & Haas, for aphids.
Intrepid (methoxyfenozide) from Rohm & Haas, insect growth regulator (IGR).
Knack (pyriproxyfen) from Valent, insect growth regulator (IGR).
Actara (thiamethoxam) from Novartis for aphids, whiteflies, thrips, flea beetles, etc.
Alert (chlorfenapyr) from Cyanamid, for caterpillars, mites, and more.
Agenda (=Regent) (fipronil) from Rhone-Poulenc, for caterpillars and more.
Pennstyl (cyhexatin; =old Plictran) from Elf Atochem for mites on apples.
Decis (deltamethrin) from AgroEvo, for apples, other fruit, vegetables.

Terminal Market Wholesale Fruit Prices November 10, 1999

Preliminary Monthly Climatological Data for Selected Ohio Locations October 1999

Temperatures in degrees F, Precipitation in inches
Record highs tied: 29th - Mansfield, 75° ; Toledo, 78° ; Youngstown, 75° ; 30th - Youngstown 75°

Table Created by Ted W. Gastier, OSU Extension from National Weather Service, OARDC & Local Data

Ted W. Gastier
Extension Agent, Agriculture
Tree Fruit Team Coordinator
Ohio State University Extension Huron County
180 Milan Avenue
Norwalk, OH 44857
Phone: (419)668-8210
FAX: (419)663-4233
E-mail: gastier.1@osu.edu

Information presented above and where trade names are used, they are supplied with the understanding that no discrimination is intended and no endorsement by Ohio State University Extension is implied. Although every attempt is made to produce information that is complete, timely, and accurate, the pesticide user bears responsibility of consulting the pesticide label and adhering to those directions.

All educational programs conducted by Ohio State University Extension are available to clientele on a nondiscriminatory basis without regard to race, color, creed, religion, sexual orientation, national origin, gender, age, disability or Vietnam-era veteran status.

Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Keith L. Smith, Director, Ohio State University Extension.

TDD # 1 (800) 589-8292 (Ohio only) or (614) 292-1868